Aoyue Firigo ifite sisitemu yo gutunganya imyanda igezweho. Muri 2013, mu rwego rwo kwitabira guhamagarwa kwa guverinoma, twashyizeho uburyo bwo gutunganya imyanda. Amazi mabi yinganda arashobora gusohoka gusa nyuma yo gutunganywa n’imyanda kandi yujuje ubuziranenge.

Muri rusange, tugabanya uburyo bwo kuvura mubyiciro bine byingenzi: mbere yo kuvurwa, kuvura ibinyabuzima, kuvura neza, no kuvura imyanda. Intandaro yo gutunganya imyanda igezweho nubuvuzi bwa mikorobe (bagiteri). Ikoranabuhanga mu binyabuzima rihinga mikorobe kugira ngo rirye umwanda kuri ubu ni bwo buryo bukoreshwa neza, buhendutse, kandi bwangiza ibidukikije mu buryo bwo gutunganya imyanda.

1.Mbere yo gutunganya

Kwitegura mbere na mbere ni serivisi zikurikira zo kuvura mikorobe (bagiteri) (usibye agace gato k'amazi mabi adakoresha imiti ya mikorobe). Kubera ko ari mikorobe, byanze bikunze izagira ibisabwa byibanze. Uko yujuje ibisabwa kugirango ibeho, niko izakura kandi irusheho gufata imyanda. Kurugero, ubushyuhe, ibinyabuzima byinshi bikura neza kuri dogere selisiyusi 30-35, hamwe na pH ya 6-8 kandi nta bintu bibuza cyangwa uburozi. Ibyuka bihumanya bigomba kuba byoroshye kurya, nkibisa nimbuto ntabwo ari plastiki. Nanone, ubwinshi bw’amazi ntibugomba kuba hejuru cyane cyangwa hasi cyane mugihe gito, kugirango wirinde mikorobe gupfa cyangwa kwicwa ninzara, nibindi.

Hariho rero uburyo bukurikira bwo gutunganya mbere:

Grille: Intego ya grille ni ugukuraho imyanda nini nk'imyenda y'imyenda, impapuro, n'ibindi mumazi, kugirango wirinde kugira ingaruka kumikorere ya pompe yamazi mugihe kizaza. Igenzura rya pisine: Mugihe gikora muruganda, akenshi birakenewe kuvoma no kudatwara amazi icyarimwe, gusohora amazi menshi icyarimwe, no gusohora amazi yoroheje icyarimwe. Ihindagurika ni ngombwa, ariko gutunganya nyuma bigomba kuba bimwe. Ikidendezi kigenzura ni ikigega cyo kubika amazi, aho amazi ava mumahugurwa atandukanye hamwe nigihe cyibanze yibanze muri pisine imwe. Iki kidendezi gikenera gushyirwamo ingamba zikurura, nko guhinduranya cyangwa gukanika imashini, kuvanga amazi atandukanye. Niba acide na alkaline nyuma yo kuvanga bitari hagati ya 6 na 9, akenshi birakenewe kongeramo aside cyangwa alkali kugirango uhindure.

Ibikoresho byo kugenzura ubushyuhe: Ikigamijwe ni uguhindura ubushyuhe kurwego mikorobe ishobora kwihanganira. Mubisanzwe ni umunara ukonje cyangwa umushyushya. Niba ubushyuhe ubwabwo buri murwego, noneho iki gice gishobora kuvaho.

Kurenza urugero. Niba hari ibintu byinshi byahagaritswe cyangwa urugero rwinshi rwanduye mumazi, kugirango bigabanye umuvuduko wokuvura mikorobe, imiti yimiti yongeweho kugirango igabanye igice cyimyanda ihumanya. Ibikoresho bifite ibikoresho bisanzwe ni flotation yo mu kirere cyangwa ikigega cyo guta imyanda. Kwangiza no kuvunika urunigi. Ubu buryo bwo kuvura bukoreshwa muburyo bwo kwibanda cyane, bigoye gutesha agaciro, gutunganya amazi y’ubumara mu miti, imiti, n’inganda. Uburyo rusange burimo karubone yicyuma, Fenton, electrocatalyse, nibindi. Binyuze muri ubu buryo, ibirimo umwanda birashobora kugabanuka cyane, kandi ibintu bimwe na bimwe bidashobora kurumwa na mikorobe bishobora kugabanywa mu kanwa keza, bigahindura ibintu byuburozi mubintu bidafite uburozi cyangwa uburozi buke.

2. Igice cyo kuvura mikorobe

Muri make, iki gika kivuga ku byuzi cyangwa ibigega bimwe na bimwe bihinga mikorobe kugira ngo birye umwanda, bigabanijwemo ibyiciro bya anaerobic na aerobic.

Icyiciro cya anaerobic, nkuko izina ribigaragaza, nicyiciro cyibikorwa aho mikorobe ya anaerobic ihingwa kugirango ikoreshe umwanda. Ikintu cyingenzi cyiki cyiciro nukugerageza kubuza umubiri wamazi kurekura ogisijeni bishoboka. Binyuze mu gice cya anaerobic, igice kinini cyanduye kirashobora kuribwa. Muri icyo gihe, biratangaje kubona imyanda ihumanya idashobora kurumwa n’ibinyabuzima byo mu kirere ishobora kugabanywamo ibice bito byoroshye kurya, kandi n’ibicuruzwa bifite agaciro nka biyogazi nabyo bishobora kubyara.

Igice cya aerobic nigice cyumuco wa Microbiologiya aho ogisijeni ikenewe kugirango tubeho. Ibikoresho bigomba kuba bifite iki cyiciro ni sisitemu ya ogisijeni, yuzuza amazi umwuka wa ogisijeni kugira ngo mikorobe ihumeke. Kuri iki cyiciro, gusa mugutanga ogisijene ihagije, kugenzura ubushyuhe na pH, birashobora gutuma ibinyabuzima bitangiza ibinyabuzima byangiza imyanda ihumanya ikirere, bikagabanya cyane ubukana bwabyo, kandi ikiguzi ukoresha ahanini ni ikiguzi cyamashanyarazi yumuriro wa ogisijeni. Ntabwo bihendutse cyane? Birumvikana ko ibinyabuzima bizakomeza kubyara no gupfa, ariko muri rusange, byororoka vuba. Imirambo ya mikorobe mikorobe hamwe na bagiteri zimwe na zimwe zishyira hamwe zigakora umwanda ukora. Amazi arimo ibintu byinshi byamazi akora, bigomba gutandukanywa namazi. Amashanyarazi akoreshwa, azwi kandi nka mikorobe, ahanini arasubirwamo kandi akagaburirwa mu kigega cya aerobic, mugihe igice gito gisohoka kugirango cyume kandi gitware amazi.

3. Ubuvuzi buhanitse

Nyuma yo kuvura mikorobe, ubwinshi bwimyanda ihumanya mumazi ntibikiri hejuru cyangwa hasi cyane, ariko hashobora kubaho ibimenyetso bimwe birenze urugero, nka cod, azote ya amoniya, chromaticite, ibyuma biremereye, nibindi. Muri iki gihe, ubundi buryo bwo kuvura irakenewe kubintu bitandukanye birenze umwanda. Mubisanzwe, hariho uburyo nka flotation yumwuka, imvura ya fiziki ya chimique, guhonyora, adsorption, nibindi.

4. Sisitemu yo kuvura

Ahanini, uburyo bwa chimique na biologiya butanga umwanda mwinshi, ufite amazi menshi hafi 99%. Ibi bisaba kuvanaho amazi menshi. Kuri ubu, hagomba gukoreshwa umwuma wa dehydrator, cyane cyane ugizwe nimashini zumukandara, imashini zikoresha imashini, centrifuges, hamwe n’imashini zipakurura imigozi, kugira ngo zitunganyirize amazi mu mwobo kugeza kuri 50% -80%, hanyuma ukawujyana mu myanda, ku mashanyarazi. , inganda z'amatafari, n'ahandi.